ISO 13383-2:2012 specifies a manual method of making measurements for the determination of the volume fraction of major phases in fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) using micrographs of polished and etched sections, overlaying a square grid of lines, and counting the number of intersections lying over each phase.
The method applies to ceramics with one or more distinct secondary phases, such as found in Al2O3/ZrO2, Si/SiC, or Al2O3/SiCw.
If the test material contains discrete pores, these are to be treated as a secondary phase for the purpose of this method, provided that there is no evidence of grain pluck-out during polishing being confused with genuine pores.
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